All plants

Agoho

Casuarina equisetifolia · Coastal she-oak

Agoho, Casuarina equisetifolia
Photo: Bidgee, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Names in the book
Agoho, Tag.; Malabohok, Agoho, Vis.; Aro, Karo, Agoó, Iloc.
Used for
Diarrhea and dysenteryWounds, burns and boilsJoint pain, sprains and swellingMenstruation and childbirth
Colours
flowerred, brownconebrown
Native range
Southeast Asia to Australia and the Pacific
In the Philippines, per the book
Very common in Ilocos, Tarlak, Binangonang of Lampong and N. Ecija.
Family
Casuarinaceae, filed in the book under Casuarineæ
Printed as
Casuarina Sumatrana, Jung. (C. equisetifolia, Blanco.)
Sources
Page 225 on Project Gutenberg · Wikipedia

The book prints Casuarina sumatrana and lists Blanco's C. equisetifolia under it. Agoho is Casuarina equisetifolia.

The plant today

Casuarina equisetifolia, commonly known as coastal she-oak, horsetail she-oak, ironwood, beach sheoak, beach casuarina, whistling tree or Australian pine is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is native to the Western Pacific, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia and India. It is a small to medium-sized, monoecious tree with scaly or furrowed bark on older specimens, drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 7 or 8, the fruit 10–24 mm (0.4–0.9 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long.

Excerpt from “Casuarina equisetifolia” on Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sa Tagalog

Ang Agoho, na tinatawag ring Aguho, Aroo o Agoo (pangalang pang-agham: Casuarina equisetifolia; Ingles: whistling pine, beach she-oak) ay isang puno sa saring Casuarina, at isa sa mga punong likas na natatagpuan sa Pilipinas. Kahawig ito ng punong pino (pine tree). Natatagpuan ito mula sa sto tomas batangas at Vietnam at sa kabuuan ng Malesia pasilangan tungong French Polynesia, New Caledonia, at Vanuatu, saka patimog tungong Australia.

Sipi mula sa “Agoho” sa Tagalog Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Recorded in the Philippines

GBIF holds 266 records of this plant from the Philippines. The ones with map coordinates fall in 27 provinces, most often Cagayan (6), Quezon (6), Aklan (4), Palawan (4), Benguet (3), Dinagat Islands (3), Laguna (3), Bohol (2), and 19 more.

Counts from GBIF occurrence records, October 2026. They include planted trees and garden plants, and a province with no records may only lack collectors.

What the 1901 book says

A historical record, quoted as printed. Doses and remedies here are not medical advice.

Uses

The bark is astringent by virtue of the large quantity of tannin it contains. Its principal use is in decoction in the treatment of diarrhœa, dysentery and hæmoptysis; it is also given in amenorrhœa, though it is apt to increase the pain. Externally it is used as a wash for contusions and ulcers.

Another species, C. equisetifolia, Forst., confounded with the former species by the natives, has the same therapeutic applications.

Botanical description

A tree with stellately arranged straight branches. Leaves stellate, long, narrow, linear, 4-grooved. They have been compared to the tail of a horse and the tail of a certain bird—the casobar. Staminate and pistillate flowers greenish, on different parts of the same stalk. Staminate, in small aments. Pistillate on small globose aments; calyx proper of the floweret, a coarse scale; corolla none; ovary conical; styles 2, flattened, divergent; stigmas acute. Fruit: Each floweret produces a woody seed-vessel, bivalved, ovate, glabrous, with a small seed ending in an oval wing; all these seed vessels joined form a small cone about 1′ long.

Habitat

Very common in Ilocos, Tarlak, Binangonang of Lampong and N. Ecija.

Do not grow in the Philippines.

Waring, loc. cit., p. 170.

Journal de Pharmacie, Vol. XIV., p. 441.

L’Union Pharm., Vol. XXIII., p. 291.

Recent research

The most cited papers since 2022 that name this plant in the title, pulled from Europe PMC in October 2026. Titles are the authors' own and the findings have not been reviewed here.

  1. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals key genes and secondary metabolites of Casuarina equisetifolia ssp. incana in response to drought stressZhang S and others, BMC Plant Biol, 2023
  2. Metabolite Profiling and Biological Activity Assessment of Casuarina equisetifolia Bark after Incorporating Gold NanoparticlesAboulthana WMK and others, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022
  3. Root exudates and chemotactic strains mediate bacterial community assembly in the rhizosphere soil of Casuarina equisetifolia LLin Q and others, Front Plant Sci, 2022
All 44 results on Europe PMC